לומדים אנגלית / קוראים ספרי ילדים

בשיעור שעבר למדנו על ביטויים המורכבים ממילת קשר ושם עצם – Prepositional Phrases. 

היום נלמד על צירופי מילת קישור ופעל – Phrasal Verbs.

מספר הצירופים של מילת קישור ופעל באנגלית הוא רב מאוד. נסתפק בנפוצים ביותר.

צירופי מילת קישור ופעל – מקובצים על פי הפעל.

believe

believe in – להאמין ב

I believe in peace.

break

break down – להתקלקל, להתמוטט

The car suddenly broke down.

Dan broke down when he heard the news.

break into – לפרוץ ל

Burglars broke into our house yesterday.

break out – לפרוץ

The war broke out in 1967.

bring

bring up* – לגדל ילדים

Where did they bring up the children?

call

call off* – לבטל

We must call off the meeting.

call on – לבקר

I will call on Susan on my way home.

call up* – לגייס לצבא, לצלצל

He was called up when he was eighteen.

Call me up as soon as you get to the office.

carry

carry on – להמשיך

Carry on with your work.

carry out* – לבצע

We must carry out the orders.

come

come across – להיתקל

I came across these documents while cleaning the closet.

come in – להיכנס

Please come in. It's cold outside.

cut

cut down* – לקצץ

We must cut down on our expenses.

cut off* – לנתק

I hope they won't cut off the electricity.

cut out* – להפסיק

Cut out the nonsense.

cut out for – להתאים

He is certainly cut out for this job.

depend

depend on – להיות תלוי ב

This does not depend on you.

do

do without – להסתדר בלי

Dan cannot do without television.

drop

drop in – לקפוץ לביקור

Drop in whenever you are off duty.

drop out – לנשור

Why did he drop out of school?

find 

find out* – לגלות

We must find out the truth.

get

get off – לרדת

Get off at the central bus station.

get on – לעלות

Get on at the central bus station.

get on with – להמשיך

Get on with your work.

get over – להתגבר

You must get over the crisis.

get up – להתעורר

They got up at noon.

give

give away* – למסור במתנה

He gave away all his books.

give in – להיכנס

You must not give in to despair.

give up* – לוותר

He gave up smoking many years ago.

go

go on – להמשיך

Please don't stop reading. Go on!

go up – לעלות

The prices are going up.

keep

keep off – להתרחק מ

Keep off bad company!

keep on – להמשיך

Keep on driving until the next traffic light.

keep out of – להימנע מ

Try to keep out of trouble.

lean

lean against – להישען על

Don't lean against the tree.

let

let down* – לאכזב

Please don't let me down.

look

look after – לטפל, להשגיח

Please look after the baby until I come back.

look for – לחפש

I am looking for my wallet.

look into – לבדוק

We must look into this matter.

make

make up* – להמציא, לסדר, לאפר

He made up the whole story.

Make up your bed!

She is always very heavily made up.

make up for – לפצות על

How can we make up for what has happened?

make up one's mind – להחליט

When will you make up your mind?

put

put down* – להשפיל

Please don't put me down!

put off* – (לדחות בזמן)

Why did they put off the meeting?

put on* – ללבוש

Put on a coat!

put up with – להשלים עם

I cannot put up with your behavior.

put out – לכבות

Did they manage to put out the fire?

run

run into – להיתקל ב

I ran into Gil last week.

run out of – להישאר בלי

I think we have run out of gas.

run over* – לדרוס

The old man was run over by a truck.

show 

show in* – להכניס

Please show the visitors in!

show off* – להתרברב

Will you stop showing off?

show up – להופיע

He showed up at midnight.

take

take after – להידמות ל

She takes after her mother.

take off** – להסיר, להמריא

Take off your coat!

When did the plane take off?

take over* – להשתלט על

He took over the business after his father's death.

turn

turn down* – לדחות, לסרב לקבל

They have turned down my offer.

turn off* – לכבות

Please turn off the lights.

turn on* – להדליק

Please turn on the lights in the study.

turn up – להופיע

When did they turn up?

הערה חשובה

*- בכל צירופי מילת קישור ופעל המסומנים בכוכבית, נוכל להפריד בין הפעל ומילת הקישור.

לדוגמה:

We must call off the meeting

     means the same as:

We must call the meeting off.

**- לגבי הצירוף  take off, נוכל להפריד בין הפעל ומילת הקישור רק כשפירוש הביטוי הוא להסיר ולא להמריא.

לדוגמה:

Take off your coat

     means the same as

Take your coat off.

וזה הכל בינתיים. בזה סיימנו את הפרק על צירופי מילת קישור ופעל.

נותר רק לשנן ולתרגל…

להסברים מפורטים, אנא עיין ב:
דקדוק אנגלי לדוברי עברית, עמ' 237 – 248.

לתרגול, אנא עיין ב:
The New Language Guidebook and Workbook, p 347 – 368